Awesome post Bartman! A lot to consume, expecially for a noob like myself. So let me get this correct. I'm running Nano-Tech 4S 6000mah 25-50C lipos. So let me see if I get this. according to your charging limit equation (Divide the capacity of 6000 mah by 1000 to get 6 and then multiple it by 50C), max charging current for this particular battery would be 300 amps? Is this correct?
Second question... I have the Passport Ultraforce 200w AC/DC charger. I can manually set the charge current between 0.1-10.0 amps. When balance charging what would be the optimal charge current given this specific battery?
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charging rate should be indicated on the battery's label. some say 5C, 10C, whatever but usually charging at more than a 1 to 2C rate will shorten the life of the battery. i typically use 1.5C.
For my 6S 6000mah batteries i use
6000/1000=6 (this is the battery's Capacity)
a CHARGE rate of 1.5C would mean I'd need 6*1.5 amps or 9 Amps of current for the charge cycle.
You're thinking of the MAX DISCHARGE RATE which very well might be 20C, 50C, 100C, whatever, it depends on the battery and how it's made/rated. This isn't a Max Continuous rate either, it's a max rate for a set short period of time so you don't want to go designing systems that will pull continuously on your batteries at that max discharge rate.
For your 4S, 6000mah batteries I'd set the charger to a rate of 1C or (6000/1000)*1 or 6 amps.
Put another way, a 1C charge is the rate that will replenish the full capacity of the battery in one hour. batteries aren't typically fully drained (If they are then they're probably pretty well puffed also so charging them isn't a good idea at that point) so the 1C rate should charge them in less than an hour. 40 to 45 minutes is about normal for a recharge at a 1C rate.
Glad the tutorial helped. Keep the questions coming!