g/w is grams per watt of a motor and relates to its efficiency not its lifting power. There are various ways to choose motors and ecalc is well used by many. Another option is to look at the motor's manufacturer's data. For example, T-motor provide charts for each of their motors which shows how much thrust can be achieved with certain prop sizes. Normally I choose enough thrust per motor such that should I have a motor failure then there is still plenty of headroom to keep the aircraft aloft. With a quad this is a mute point given that a motor failure is curtains anyway. There is no set rule as far as I am aware so its a question of gathering the data of the components you want to use, doing some number crunching and making an informed decision based on that. The joys of ecalc is that it has a lot of data for you there as presets and it will sort the calcs out for you too.